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Publications

Research Articles

  1. Berckx F, Wibberg D, Brachmann A, Morrison C, Obaid NB, Blom J, Kalinowski J, Wall LG, Pawlowski K (2024)
    Genome analysis and biogeographic distribution of the earliest divergent Frankia clade in the southern hemisphere.
    FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. fiae042
  2. Gkoutselis G, Rohrbach S, Harjes J, Brachmann A, Horn MA, Rambold G (2024)
    Plastiphily is linked to generic virulence traits of important human pathogenic fungi.
    Commun. Earth Environ. 5: 51
  3. Rollins RE, Margos G, Brachmann A, Krebs S, Mouchet A, Dingemanse NJ, Laatamna A, Reghaissia N, Fingerle V, Metzler D, Becker NS, Chitimia-Dobler L (2023)
    German Ixodes inopinatus samples may not actually represent this tick species.
    Int. J. Parasitol. 53: 751–761
  4. Ngubane NP, Dreyer LL, Slippers B, Kemler M, Witfeld F, Begerow D, Brachmann A, Roets F (2023)
    Land use change rather than surrounding vegetation affects fungal endophyte assemblages in the African wild olive.
    Landsc. Ecol. 38: 3153–3171
  5. Janda M, Rybak K, Krassini L, Meng C, Feitosa-Junior O, Stigliano E, Szulc B, Sklenar J, Menke FLH, Malone JG, Brachmann A, Klingl A, Ludwig C, Robatzek S (2023)
    Biophysical and proteomic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 extracellular vesicles suggest adaptive functions during plant infection.
    mBio 14: e03589-22
  6. Becker NS, Rollins RE, Stephens R, Sato K, Brachmann A, Nakao M, Kawabata H (2023)
    Candidatus Lariskella arthopodarum endosymbiont is the main factor differentiating the microbiome communities of female and male Borrelia-positive Ixodes persulcatus ticks.
    Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 14: 102183
  7. Ngubane NP, Dreyer LL, Slippers B, Kemler M, Begerow D, Witfeld F, Brachmann A, Roets F (2023)
    Decreased diversity and connectivity of endophytic fungal assemblages within cultivated European olive trees compared to their native African counterpart.
    Fung. Ecol. 65: 101261
  8. Harris MA, Kemler M, Slippers B, Jamison-Daniels S-L, Witfeld F, Botha M, Begerow D, Brachmann A, Greve M (2023)
    Deterministic processes have limited impacts on foliar fungal endophyte communities along a savanna-forest successional gradient.
    Fung. Ecol. 64: 101249
  9. Guerreiro MA, Kambach S, Stoll R, Brachmann A, Senker J, Begerow D, Peršoh D (2023)
    Linking processes to community functions—insights into litter decomposition combining fungal metatranscriptomics and environmental NMR profiling.
    Mycol. Prog. 22: 10
  10. Bose T, Vivas M, Slippers B, Roux J, Kemler M, Begerow D, Witfeld F, Brachmann A, Dovey S, Wingfield MJ (2023)
    Retention of post-harvest residues enhances soil fungal biodiversity in Eucalyptus plantations.
    Forest Ecol. Management 532: 120806
  11. Berckx F, Bandong CM, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Willemse J, Brachmann A, Simbahan J, Pawlowski K (2022)
    Streptomyces coriariae sp. nov., a novel streptomycete isolated from actinorhizal nodules of Coriaria intermedia.
    Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 72: 005603
  12. Araújo JPM, Lebert BM, Vermeulen S, Brachmann A, Ohm RA, Evans HC, de Bekker C (2022)
    Masters of the manipulator: two new hypocrealean genera, Niveomyces (Cordycipitaceae) and Torrubiellomyces (Ophiocordycipitaceae), parasitic on the zombie ant fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani.
    Persoonia 49: 171-194
  13. Dominelli N, Jäger HY, Langer A, Brachmann A, Heermann R (2022)
    High-throughput sequencing analysis reveals genomic similarity in phenotypic heterogeneous Photorhabdus luminescens cell populations.
    Ann. Microbiol. 72: 20
  14. Berckx F, Nguyen TV, Bandong CM, Lin HH, Yamanaka T, Katayama S, Wibberg D, Blom J, Kalinowski J, Tateno M, Simbahan J, Liu CT, Brachmann A, Pawlowski K (2022)
    A tale of two lineages: how the strains of the earliest divergent symbiotic Frankia clade spread over the world.
    BMC Genomics 23: 602
  15. Messal M, Vivas M, Kemler M, Begerow D, Brachmann A, Witfeld F, Naidoo S, Slippers B (2022)
    Fungal communities of Eucalyptus grandis leaves are influenced by the insect pest Leptocybe invasa.
    Front. Microbiol. 13: 841621
  16. Crosbie DB, Mahmoudi M, Radl V, Brachmann A, Schloter M, Kemen E, Marín M (2022)
    Microbiome profiling reveals that Pseudomonas antagonise parasitic nodule colonisation of cheater rhizobia in Lotus.
    New Phytol. 234: 242-255
  17. Kwon S, Rupp O, Brachmann A, Blum CF, Kraege A, Goesmann A, Feldbrügge M (2021)
    mRNA inventory of extracellular vesicles from Ustilago maydis.
    J. Fungi 7: 562
  18. Gkoutselis G, Rohrbach S, Harjes J, Obst M, Brachmann A, Horn MA, Rambold G (2021)
    Microplastics accumulate fungal pathogens in terrestrial ecosystems.
    Sci. Rep. 11: 13214
  19. Manavski N, Mathieu S, Rojas M, Méteignier LV, Brachmann A, Barkan A, Hammani K (2021)
    In vivo stabilization of endogenous chloroplast RNAs by customized artificial pentatricopeptide repeat proteins.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 49: 5985-5997
  20. Silva KT, Schüler M, Mickoleit F, Zwiener T, Müller FD, Awal RP, Weig A, Brachmann A, Uebe R, Schüler D (2020)
    Genome-wide identification of essential and auxiliary gene sets for magnetosome biosynthesis in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense.
    mSystems 5: e00565-20
  21. Henriquez T, Baldow T, Lo YK, Weydert D, Brachmann A, Jung H (2020)
    Involvement of MexS and MexEF-OprN in resistance to toxic ion chelators in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.
    Microorganisms 8: 1782
  22. Herrera-Belaroussi A, Normand P, Pawlowski K, Fernandez MP, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Brachmann A, Berckx F, Lee N, Blom J, Pozzi AC, Fournier P, Bethencourt L, Dubost A, Abrouk D, Sellstedt A (2020)
    Candidatus Frankia nodulisporulans sp. nov., an Alnus glutinosa-infective Frankia species unable to grow in pure culture and able to sporulate in-planta.
    Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 43: 126134
  23. Bueker B, Guerreiro MA, Hood ME, Brachmann A, Rahmann S, Begerow D (2020)
    Meiotic recombination in the offspring of Microbotryum hybrids and its impact on pathogenicity.
    BMC Evol. Biol. 20: 123
  24. Rejili M*, Off K*, Brachmann A, Marín M (2020)
    Bradyrhizobium hipponense sp. nov., isolated from Lupinus angustifolius growing in the northern region of Tunisia.
    Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 70: 5539-5550
  25. Chen ECH, Mathieu S, Hoffrichter A, Ropars J, Dreissig S, Fuchs J, Brachmann A, Corradi N (2020)
    More filtering on SNP calling does not remove evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in dikaryotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
    Front. Plant Sci. 11: 912
  26. Reindl M, Stock J, Hussnaetter KP, Genc A, Brachmann A, Schipper K (2020)
    A novel factor essential for unconventional secretion of chitinase Cts1.
    Front. Microbiol. 11: 1529
  27. Will I, Das B, Trinh T, Brachmann A, Ohm RA, de Bekker C (2020)
    Genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by Ophiocordyceps as revealed by comparative transcriptomics.
    G3 (Bethesda) 2020: g3.401290.2020
  28. Waller Z, Rejili M, Mars M, Brachmann A, Marín M (2019)
    Draft genome sequence of Phyllobacterium endophythicum mTS5, isolated from Lupinus micranthus in Tunisia.
    Microbiol. Resour. Announc. 8: e00968-19
  29. Eckstein S, Dominelli N, Brachmann A, Heermann R (2019)
    Phenotypic heterogeneity of insect pathogenic Photorhabdus luminescens - insights into the fate of secondary cells.
    Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 85: e01910-19
  30. Nguyen TV, Wibberg D, Vigil-Stenman T, Berckx F, Battenberg K, Demchenko KN, Blom J, Fernandez MP, Yamanaka T, Berry AM, Kalinowski J, Brachmann A, Pawlowski K (2019)
    Frankia-enriched metagenomes from the earliest diverging symbiotic Frankia cluster: They come in teams.
    Genome Biol. Evol. 11: 2273-2291
  31. Jiang J, Chai X, Manavski N, Williams-Carrier R, He B, Brachmann A, Ji D, Ouyang M, Liu Y, Barkan A, Meurer J, Zhang LX, Chi W (2019)
    An RNA-chaperone-like protein plays critical roles in chloroplast mRNA stability and translation in Arabidopsis and maize.
    Plant Cell 31: 1308-1327
  32. Courville KJ, Frantzeskakis L, Gul S, Haeger N, Kellner R, Heßler N, Day B, Usadel B, Gupta YK, van Esse HP, Brachmann A, Kemen E, Feldbrügge M, Göhre V (2019)
    Smut infection of perennial hosts: the genome and the transcriptome of the Brassicaceae smut fungus Thecaphora thlaspeos reveal functionally conserved and novel effectors.
    New Phytol. 222: 1474-1492
  33. Schmid LM, Ohler L, Möhlmann T, Brachmann A, Muiño JM, Leister D, Meurer J, Manavski N (2019)
    PUMPKIN, the sole plastid UMP kinase, associates with group II introns and alters their metabolism.
    Plant Physiol. 179: 248-264
  34. Liang J*, Hoffrichter A*, Brachmann A, Marín M (2018)
    Complete genome of Rhizobium leguminosarum Norway, an ineffective Lotus micro-symbiont.
    Stand. Genomic. Sci. 13: 36
  35. Chen EC, Mathieu S, Hoffrichter A, Sedzielewska-Toro K, Peart M, Pelin A, Ndikumana S, Ropars J, Dreissig S, Fuchs J, Brachmann A, Corradi N (2018)
    Single nucleus sequencing reveals evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
    Elife 7: e39813
  36. Peršoh D, Stolle N, Brachmann A, Begerow D, Rambold G (2018)
    Fungal guilds are evenly distributed along a vertical spruce forest soil profile while individual fungi show pronounced niche partitioning.
    Mycol. Progress 17: 925-939
  37. Guerreiro MA, Brachmann A, Begerow D, Peršoh D (2018)
    Transient leaf endophytes are the most active fungi in 1-year-old beech leaf litter.
    Fungal Diversity 89: 237–251
  38. de Bekker C, Will I, Hughes DP, Brachmann A, Merrow M (2017)
    Daily rhythms and enrichment patterns in the transcriptome of the behavior-manipulating parasite Ophiocordyceps kimflemingiae.
    PLoS One 12: e0187170
  39. de Bekker C, Ohm RA, Evans HC, Brachmann A, Hughes DP (2017)
    Ant-infecting Ophiocordyceps genomes reveal a high diversity of potential behavioral manipulation genes and a possible major role for enterotoxins.
    Sci. Rep. 7: 12508
  40. Chiasson DM*, Haage K*, Sollweck K, Brachmann A, Dietrich P, Parniske M (2017)
    A quantitative hypermorphic CNGC allele confers ectopic calcium flux and impairs cellular development.
    Elife 6: e25012
  41. Meurer J, Schmid LM, Stoppel R, Leister D, Brachmann A, Manavski N (2017)
    PALE CRESS binds to plastid RNAs and facilitates the biogenesis of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
    Plant J. 92: 400-413
  42. Chekireb D, Crovadore J, Brachmann A, Chablais R, Cochard B, Lefort F (2017)
    Whole-genome sequences of 14 strains of Bradyrhizobium canariense and 1 strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolated from Lupinus spp. in Algeria.
    Genome Announc. 5: e00676-17
  43. Frantzeskakis L, Courville KJ, Plücker L, Kellner R, Kruse J, Brachmann A, Feldbrügge M, Göhre V (2017)
    The plant-dependent life cycle of Thecaphora thlaspeos: a smut fungus adapted to Brassicaceae.
    Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 30: 271-282
  44. Röhl O, Peršoh D, Mittelbach M, Elbrecht V, Brachmann A, Nuy J, Boenigk J, Leese F, Begerow D (2017)
    Distinct sensitivity of fungal freshwater guilds to water quality.
    Mycol. Progress 16: 155–169
  45. Schramke H*, Laermann V*, Tegetmeyer HE, Brachmann A, Jung K, Altendorf K (2017)
    Revisiting regulation of potassium homeostasis in Escherichia coli: the connection to phosphate limitation.
    MicrobiologyOpen 6: e00438
  46. Calabrese S*, Pérez-Tienda J*, Ellerbeck M*, Arnould C, Chatagnier O, Boller T, Schüßler A, Brachmann A, Wipf D, Ferrol N, Courty PE (2016)
    GintAMT3 - a low-affinity ammonium transporter of the arbuscular mycorrhizal Rhizophagus irregularis.
    Front. Plant Sci. 7: 679
  47. Lorenz N, Reiger M, Toro-Nahuelpan M, Brachmann A, Poettinger L, Plener L, Lassak J, Jung K (2016)
    Identification and initial characterization of prophages in Vibrio campbellii.
    PLoS One 11: e0156010
  48. Unterseher M, Siddique AB, Brachmann A, Peršoh D (2016)
    Diversity and composition of the leaf mycobiome of beech (Fagus sylvatica) are affected by local habitat conditions and leaf biochemistry.
    PLoS One 11: e0152878
  49. Ropars J*, Sędzielewska Toro K*, Noel J, Pelin A, Charron P, Farinelli L, Marton T, Krüger M, Fuchs J, Brachmann A, Corradi N (2016)
    Evidence for the sexual origin of heterokaryosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
    Nat. Microbiol. 1: 16033
  50. Lohße A*, Kolinko I*, Raschdorf O, Uebe R, Borg S, Brachmann A, Plitzko JM, Müller R, Zhang Y, Schüler D (2016)
    Overproduction of magnetosomes by genomic amplification of biosynthetic gene clusters in a magnetotactic bacterium.
    Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 82: 3032-3041
  51. Sędzielewska Toro K, Brachmann A (2016)
    The effector candidate repertoire of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus.
    BMC Genomics 17: 101
  52. Kolinko S, Richter M, Glöckner FO, Brachmann A, Schüler D (2016)
    Single-cell genomics of uncultivated deep-branching magnetotactic bacteria reveals a conserved set of magnetosome genes.
    Environ. Microbiol. 18: 21-37
  53. de Bekker C, Ohm RA, Loreto RG, Sebastian A, Albert I, Merrow M, Brachmann A, Hughes DP (2015)
    Gene expression during zombie ant biting behavior reflects the complexity underlying fungal parasitic behavioral manipulation.
    BMC Genomics 16: 620 [Comment in Scitable Blog (Nature Education)]
  54. Kolinko S, Richter M, Glöckner FO, Brachmann A, Schüler D (2014)
    Single-cell genomics reveals potential for magnetite and greigite biomineralization in an uncultivated multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote.
    Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 6: 524-531
  55. Kolinko I, Lohße A, Borg S, Raschdorf O, Jogler C, Tu Q, Pósfai M, Tompa E, Plitzko JM, Brachmann A, Wanner G, Müller R, Zhang Y, Schüler D (2014)
    Biosynthesis of magnetic nanostructures in a foreign organism by transfer of bacterial magnetosome gene clusters.
    Nat. Nanotechnol. 9: 193-197
  56. Ellerbeck M, Schüßler A, Brucker D, Dafinger C, Loos F, Brachmann A (2013)
    Characterization of three ammonium transporters of the glomeromycotan fungus Geosiphon pyriformis.
    Eukaryotic Cell 12: 1554-1562
  57. Groth M*, Kosuta S*, Gutjahr C, Haage K, Hardel SL, Schaub M, Brachmann A, Sato S, Tabata S, Findlay K, Wang TL, Parniske M (2013)
    Two Lotus japonicus symbiosis mutants impaired at distinct steps of arbuscule development.
    Plant J. 75: 117-129
  58. Gossmann JA, Markmann K, Brachmann A, Rose LE, Parniske M (2012)
    Polymorphic infection and organogenesis patterns induced by a Rhizobium leguminosarum isolate from Lotus root nodules are determined by the host genotype.
    New Phytol. 196: 561-573
  59. Sandal N, Jin H, Rodriguez-Navarro DN. Temprano F, Cvitanich C, Brachmann A, Sato S, Kawaguchi M, Tabata S, Parniske M, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Andersen SU, Stougaard J (2012)
    A set of Lotus japonicus Gifu x Lotus burttii recombinant inbred lines facilitates map-based cloning and QTL mapping.
    DNA Res. 19: 317-323
  60. Baumann S, Pohlmann T, Jungbluth M, Brachmann A, Feldbrügge M (2012)
    Kinesin-3 and dynein mediate microtubule-dependent co-transport of mRNPs and endosomes.
    J. Cell Sci. 125: 2740-2752
  61. Szwagierczak A, Brachmann A, Schmidt CS, Bultmann S, Leonhardt H, Spada F (2011)
    Characterization of PvuRts1I endonuclease as a tool to investigate genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 39: 5149-5156
  62. Edskes HK, Engel A, McCann LM, Brachmann A, Tsai HF, Wickner RB (2011)
    Prion-forming ability of Ure2 of yeasts is not evolutionarily conserved.
    Genetics 188: 81-90
  63. Vriet C, Welham T, Brachmann A, Pike M, Pike J, Perry J, Parniske M, Sato S, Tabata S, Smith AM, Wang TL (2010)
    A suite of Lotus japonicus starch mutants reveals both conserved and novel features of starch metabolism.
    Plant Physiol. 154: 643-655
  64. Groth M, Takeda N, Perry J, Uchida H, Dräxl S, Brachmann A, Sato S, Tabata S, Kawaguchi M, Wang TL, Parniske M (2010)
    NENA, a Lotus japonicus homolog of Sec13, is required for rhizodermal infection by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and rhizobia but dispensable for cortical endosymbiotic development.
    Plant Cell 22: 2509-2526
  65. Lanver D, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Brachmann A, Kahmann R (2010)
    Sho1 and Msb2-related proteins regulate appressorium development in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis.
    Plant Cell 22: 2085-2101
  66. Perry J, Brachmann A, Welham T, Binder A, Charpentier M, Groth M, Haage K, Markmann K, Wang TL, Parniske M (2009)
    TILLING in Lotus japonicus identified large allelic series for symbiosis genes and revealed a bias in functionally defective ethyl methanesulfonate alleles toward glycine replacements.
    Plant Physiol. 151: 1281-1291
  67. Maekawa-Yoshikawa M, Müller J, Takeda N, Maekawa T, Sato S, Tabata S, Perry J, Wang TL, Groth M, Brachmann A, Parniske M (2009)
    The temperature-sensitive brush mutant of the legume Lotus japonicus reveals a link between root development and nodule infection by rhizobia.
    Plant Physiol. 149: 1785-1796
  68. Murray J*, Karas B*, Ross L, Brachmann A, Wagg C, Geil R, Perry J, Nowakowski K, MacGillivary M, Held M, Stougaard J, Peterson L, Parniske M, Szczyglowski K (2006)
    Genetic suppressors of the Lotus japonicus har1-1 hypernodulation phenotype.
    Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 19: 1082-1091
  69. Zarnack K, Maurer S, Kaffarnik F, Ladendorf O, Brachmann A, Kämper J, Feldbrügge M (2006)
    Tetracycline-regulated gene expression in the pathogen Ustilago maydis.
    Fungal Genet. Biol. 43: 727-738
  70. Brachmann A, Toombs JA, Ross ED (2006)
    Reporter assay systems for [URE3] detection and analysis.
    Methods 39: 35-42
  71. Meimberg H, Thalhammer S, Brachmann A, Heubl G (2006)
    Comparative analysis of a dislocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae.
    Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 39: 478-490
  72. Brachmann A, Baxa U, Wickner RB (2005)
    Prion generation in vitro: amyloid of Ure2p is infectious.
    EMBO J. 24: 3082-3092
  73. Brachmann A, König J, Julius C, Feldbrügge M (2004)
    A reverse genetic approach for generating gene replacement mutants in Ustilago maydis.
    Mol. Genet. Genomics 272: 216-226
  74. Müller P, Weinzierl G, Brachmann A, Feldbrügge M, Kahmann R (2003)
    Mating and pathogenic development of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis are regulated by one mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
    Eukaryotic Cell 2: 1187-1199
  75. Brachmann A, Schirawski J, Müller P, Kahmann R (2003)
    An unusual MAP kinase is required for efficient penetration of the plant surface by Ustilago maydis.
    EMBO J. 22: 2199-2210
  76. Ladendorf O, Brachmann A, Kämper J (2003)
    Heterologous transposition in Ustilago maydis.
    Mol. Gen. Genom. 269: 395-405
  77. Meimberg H, Thalhammer S, Brachmann A, Müller B, Eichacker LA, Heckl WM, Heubl G (2003)
    Selection of chloroplasts by laser microbeam microdissection for single-chloroplast PCR.
    BioTechniques 34: 1238-1243
  78. Brachmann A, Weinzierl G, Kämper J, Kahmann R (2001)
    Identification of genes in the bW/bE regulatory cascade in Ustilago maydis.
    Mol. Microbiol. 42: 1047-1063
  79. Loubradou G, Brachmann A, Feldbrügge M, Kahmann R (2001)
    A homologue of the transcriptional repressor Ssn6p antagonizes cAMP signalling in Ustilago maydis.
    Mol. Microbiol. 40: 719-730
  80. Romeis T, Brachmann A, Kahmann R, Kämper J (2000)
    Identification of a target gene for the bE/bW homeodomain protein complex in U. maydis.
    Mol. Microbiol. 37: 54-66

* Authors contributed equally to this work.

Reviews and Commentaries

  1. Corradi N, Brachmann A (2017)
    Fungal mating in the most widespread plant symbionts?
    Trends Plant Sci. 22: 175-183
  2. Brachmann A (2006)
    Plant-fungal symbiosis en gros and en détail.
    New Phytol. 171: 242-246
  3. Brachmann A, Parniske M (2006)
    The most widespread symbiosis on earth.
    PLoS Biol. 4: e239
  4. Wickner RB, Edskes HK, Ross ED, Pierce MM, Shewmaker F, Baxa U, Brachmann A (2004)
    Prions of yeast are genes made of protein: amyloids and enzymes.
    Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 69: 1-8
  5. Wickner RB, Edskes HK, Ross ED, Pierce MM, Baxa U, Brachmann A, Shewmaker F (2004)
    Prion genetics: new rules for a new kind of gene.
    Annu. Rev. Genet. 38: 681-707
  6. Wickner RB, Edskes HK, Roberts TB, Baxa U, Pierce MM, Ross ED, Brachmann A (2004)
    Prions: proteins as genes and infectious entities.
    Genes Develop. 18: 470-485

Patent Applications

  1. Schüßler A, Brachmann A, Ellerbeck M (2015)
    Producing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi material used in e.g. forestry and horticulture comprises continuously culturing root material in liquid culture medium where the material is capable of building branched secondary root system in vitro.
    WO2015028601-A1, LU92274-A
  2. Brachmann A, Leonhardt H, Spada F, Szwagierczak A, Schmidt C, Bultmann S (2012)
    Detecting hydroxymethyl cytosine in nucleic acid molecule involves synthesizing portion of complementary strand of single-stranded nucleic acid, in presence of hydroxymethylcytosine, followed by reacting with endonuclease/analyzing product.
    WO2012119945-A1, EP2681335-A1, US2014178873-A1